Carbon & It's Compound Important Questions Class 10 Science with Solutions

Carbon and its compounds are an essential part of the Class 10 Science curriculum. Carbon is a unique element that forms the basis for numerous organic compounds, making it important for life and many industries. Chapter 4 of the Class 10 Science textbook covers important topics like how carbon forms bonds, its different forms (like diamond and graphite), and the reactions of carbon compounds.

If you want to top the class 10 science exam, then focusing on Class 10 Carbon And Its Compounds Important Questions is essential. These questions often appear in exams and can boost your confidence.

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Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds Important Questions

1. Alkanes are saturated compounds of carbon and hydrogen that can be represented by the general formula C_nH_2n+2 where 'n' is the number of carbon atoms. An example of such a compound is ethane C₂ H₆"

Maya has a compound of carbon and hydrogen whose formula is C₃H₄"

(i) What is true about the type of flame this compound will give on combustion?

(ii) Draw all the possible straight chain structures of this compound.

Answer:

‍This compound does not follow the general formula of alkanes (CnH_2n+2​), meaning it is not saturated. C₃H₄ is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. Specifically, it could either be an alkyne (with one triple bond) or a diene (with two double bonds).

(i) What is true about the type of flame this compound will give on combustion?

Unsaturated hydrocarbons, such as C₃H₄​, tend to produce a yellow sooty flame on combustion.

 (ii) Draw all the possible straight chain structures of this compound.

Propyne (CH≡C−CH₃CH) 

and Propadiene (CH₂=C=CH₂)

2. Bromine water is a reddish solution of bromine (Br₂) in water. When shaken with an unsaturated hydrocarbon, the red colour of the bromine water disappears because the bromine is used up in an addition reaction.

Kohli has three test tubes containing hexane, hexene and hexyne respectively. Which of the three compounds can he identify using the bromine water test? Give a reason for your answer.

Answer:

‍Kohli can identify hexene and hexyne using the bromine water test because they are unsaturated hydrocarbons that react with bromine water, decolorizing it. However, hexane cannot be identified because it does not react and does not affect the color of bromine water

3. Manasi wrote the names of four compounds as the first members of their respective homologous series.

- methanol- methanal- methanone- methanoic acid

(a) Which name has she written incorrectly? Justify your answer.

(b) What name should she have written instead?

Answer:

(a) Which name has she written incorrectly? Justify your answer.

Methanone is incorrect because a ketone requires at least three carbon atoms, and no compound with one carbon can be named "methanone."

(b) What name should she have written instead?

She should have written propanone (CH₃COCH₃), the first member of the homologous series of ketones.

4. Home-made vinegar is produced from wine. The wine is taken in a clean glass jar and shaken well to aerate it. Some water is added to the jar and then it is kept undisturbed in a dark place at room temperature to undergo fermentation. After 3-4 weeks, the vinegar would be ready to use.

(a) Name the functional groups of the MAIN organic compounds present in wine and vinegar.

(b) Based on the atoms getting added/removed when wine is converted to vinegar, name the type of reaction that happens.

(c) Name any chemical reagent that would be used for the same reaction if it is carried out in the laboratory.

Answer:

(a) Name the functional groups of the MAIN organic compounds present in wine and vinegar.

The main organic compound in wine is ethanol (CH₃CH2OH), and the functional group is –OH (hydroxyl group). 

The main organic compound in vinegar is acetic acid (CH₃COOH), and the functional group is –COOH (carboxyl group)

(b) Based on the atoms getting added/removed when wine is converted to vinegar, name the type of reaction that happens.

This is an oxidation reaction, as oxygen is added, and the alcohol is converted to a carboxylic acid.

(c) Name any chemical reagent that would be used for the same reaction if it is carried out in the laboratory.

In the laboratory, the oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid can be carried out using potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) or acidified potassium dichromate (K2Cr₂O₇) as the oxidizing agent. Both reagents supply oxygen for the oxidation process.

5. Study the following information given and answer the questions that follow.

Ethanol is a renewable biofuel because it is made from biomass. Ethanol is a clear, colourless alcohol made from a variety of biomass materials. Ethanol producers mostly use food grains and crops with high starch and sugar content such as corn, sorghum, barley, sugar cane, and sugar beets. The most common ethanol production processes today use yeast to ferment the starch and sugars in corn, sugar cane, and sugar beets.

(a) What is the chemical formula for ethanol?

(b) What other compound is obtained as a by-product when ethanol is obtained from a sugar?

(c) What would be the products formed when ethanol undergoes complete combustion? Support your answer with a balanced chemical equation.

Answer:

(a) What is the chemical formula for ethanol?

The chemical formula of ethanol is C₂H₅OH.

(b) What other compound is obtained as a by-product when ethanol is obtained from a sugar?

When ethanol is produced from sugars during fermentation, carbon dioxide (CO₂​) is obtained as a by-product.

(c) What would be the products formed when ethanol undergoes complete combustion? Support your answer with a balanced chemical equation.

When ethanol undergoes complete combustion, the products formed are carbon dioxide (CO₂​) and water (H₂O).

The balanced chemical equation is:

C₂H₅OH+3O₂→2CO₂+3H₂O

This reaction releases energy in the form of heat and is used as a source of renewable energy.

6. Polythene is a plastic made from ethene (CH₂=CH₂). When ethene is subjected to high pressure and moderately high temperatures, ethene molecules react with each other to form large molecules hundreds of times bigger, forming the plastic.

Which property of carbon atoms is instrumental in the formation of polythene?

Answer:

‍The property of carbon atoms that is instrumental in the formation of polythene is catenation. In the case of polythene production, the double bonds in ethene (CH₂=CH₂​) break under high pressure and temperature, allowing the carbon atoms to link together in long chains.This process, called addition polymerization, results in the formation of polythene, a polymer with a repeating unit of −CH₂−CH₂−

7. Organic compounds belonging to different homologous series can be isomers. For example, propanal and propanone are isomers.

Can an alkane and an alcohol be isomers? Why or why not?

Answer:

No, an alkane and an alcohol cannot be isomers. They do not share the same molecular formula. The presence of the −OH group in alcohols alters the hydrogen count and makes them distinct from alkanes.

8. An alkane has 11 carbon atoms arranged within ring structures as shown below.

What is the molecular formula of the alkane?

Answer:

The molecular formula of the alkane is C₁₁H₂₀, indicating it contains 11 carbon atoms and 20 hydrogen atoms. In this compound, each carbon atom is tetravalent, forming single covalent bonds with two adjacent carbon atoms and two hydrogen atoms. The hydrogen atoms are arranged around the carbon atoms in a tetrahedral geometry, which ensures the most stable configuration for carbon's four bonds.

9. Ethyl propanoate is a colourless compound with a pineapple-like smell. It is present naturally in some fruits such as kiwis and strawberries.

The structural formula of ethyl propanoate is given below.

(a) Write the names of the carboxylic acid and the alcohol from which this compound is formed.

(b) Apart from mixing the carboxylic acid and the alcohol, what should be done to form this compound?

Answer:

(a) Write the names of the carboxylic acid and the alcohol from which this compound is formed.

Carboxylic Acid: Propanoic acid (CH₃-CH₂-COOH)

Alcohol: Ethanol (CH₃-CH₂-OH)

(b) Apart from mixing the carboxylic acid and the alcohol, what should be done to form this compound?

• Add a concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst, which acts as a dehydrating agent and promotes the esterification reaction.
• Heat the mixture under reflux to provide the necessary energy for the reaction while preventing the loss of volatile components.

The reaction proceeds as follows:
CH₃-CH₂-COOH (Propanoic acid) + CH₃-CH₂-OH (Ethanol) → CH₃-CH₂-COO-CH₂-CH₃ (Ethyl propanoate) + H₂O

This process produces ethyl propanoate and water as the byproduct.

10. Heating an alcohol with concentrated sulphuric acid results in the dehydration of the alcohol to give the alkene as shown by the reaction of ethanol to give ethene.

Pramila heated 2-butanol (shown below) with concentrated sulphuric acid.

Write the structural formulae of all the possible products of the reaction.

Answer:

When 2-butanol reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid, it undergoes a dehydration reaction, producing two possible alkenes: 2-butene and 1-butene.

2-butene: CH₃CH=CHCH₃

1-butene: CH₃CH₂CH=CH₂

in these reactions, concentrated sulfuric acid serves as a dehydrating agent, facilitating the removal of a water molecule from 2-butanol. This dehydration process leads to the formation of the corresponding alkenes, either 2-butene or 1-butene, depending on the elimination pathway.

Introduction to Carbon and Its Compounds

Carbon, represented by the symbol 'C,' is an element in the periodic table due to its ability to form a large number of compounds. This is because carbon atoms can form four bonds with other atoms (called tetravalency) and connect to themselves in long chains (a property called catenation). These features make carbon central to many areas of science and everyday life.

In Class 10 Science Chapter 4 syllabus, you’ll learn about several aspects of carbon chemistry, including:

• Covalent Bonding: How carbon bonds with other elements, forming single, double, or triple bonds.
• Allotropes of Carbon: Different forms of carbon, like diamond and graphite, which have different properties despite being made of the same element.
• Carbon’s Versatility: Carbon forms a wide range of compounds like hydrocarbons, alcohols, and acids.
• Nomenclature: The system for naming organic compounds.
• Chemical Properties: Reactions of carbon compounds like combustion and substitution.
• Uses of Carbon Compounds: everyday substances like ethanol, ethanoic acid, soaps, and detergents.

How Important Questions Help in Mastering Carbon and Its Compounds?

Focusing on carbon and its compounds in class 10 important questions helps you learn the key ideas in Chapter 4. Here’s how they can benefit you:

• Important questions cover all the major topics you need to know, making sure nothing important is left.
• With limited time before the exam, you can’t always go through the entire textbook. These questions allow you to revise quickly while focusing on key points.
• Organic chemistry can be challenging, but practicing questions sharpens your ability to solve problems, especially when it comes to chemical reactions.
• These questions highlight areas where you might need extra practice, so you can focus on strengthening those topics.
• Many exam questions follow patterns or repeat from previous years. By practicing, you’ll get used to the types of questions that commonly appear.
• Regularly practicing these questions helps you better understand complex topics like carbon bonding and reactions.

How to Use Important Questions for Better Preparation?

Knowing why class 10 carbon and its compounds are important questions is great, but how can you use them effectively? Here are some tips:

• Break down Chapter 4 into smaller topics and practice questions for each one, ensuring you understand each section before moving on.
• Many important questions come from past board exams. Reviewing these papers will help you recognize patterns and focus on key topics.
• Don’t just practice once and forget. Keep revising these questions to keep the concepts fresh in your mind.
• If there are questions or topics you don’t understand, get help from your teacher or classmates right away to avoid confusion later.
• Working with friends can be helpful. Group discussions can provide different ideas, and explaining answers to others can strengthen your own understanding.

Carbon and its compounds are a major part of the Class 10 Science syllabus, and understanding this chapter is important for doing well in the exams. By practicing carbon and its compounds in class 10 important questions, you can be sure you're covering the most important topic and improve your chances of scoring high marks.

These questions not only prepare you for the exam but also improve your understanding of the concepts, which is crucial for further studies as well.