CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Subject-wise Material

The CBSE Class 12 Chemistry syllabus is a major tool for students to focus on the subject and know about it in keen details. Subject wise material are nothing but just an expanded guide to understanding key concepts that lay the foundation for advanced studies in chemistry and related fields. To perform like a pro in this subject, it is really important to focus on each topic in detail and use relevant study materials. Below, we provide a detailed outline of the subject-wise material to help students prepare effectively.

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‍CBSE CLASS 12 CHEMISTRY

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Important topics in CBSE Class 12 Chemistry: Overview

1. Physical Chemistry: CBSE Class 12 Important Topics

Physical chemistry focuses on the principles and concepts that form the basis of chemical phenomena. Here are the key topics of Physical Chemistry Class 12 CBSE which will let you know just the basics about the chapters included:

Solid State

• Unit cell and crystal lattice: The smallest repeating unit of a crystalline solid that defines its structure.
• Packing efficiency: The percentage of total space occupied by particles in a crystal.
• Defects in solids: Irregularities in the arrangement of particles in a crystal, such as vacancies or interstitial defects.
• Electrical and magnetic properties: Behavior of solids as conductors, semiconductors, or insulators, and their magnetic characteristics (paramagnetic, diamagnetic, ferromagnetic).

Solutions

• Types of solutions: Homogeneous mixtures of two or more substances.
• Concentration terms: Measures of the amount of solute present in a solution (e.g., molarity, molality, mole fraction).
• Raoult’s law: Relationship between vapor pressure and mole fraction of a solvent in an ideal solution.
• Colligative properties: Properties that depend on the number of solute particles (e.g., boiling point elevation, freezing point depression).
• Abnormal molar mass: Deviations observed in molar mass due to association or dissociation of solute molecules.

Electrochemistry

• Electrochemical cells: Devices that convert chemical energy into electrical energy (galvanic cells) or vice versa (electrolytic cells).
• Nernst equation: An equation used to calculate the electrode potential under non-standard conditions.
• Conductance: Measure of a solution's ability to conduct electricity, influenced by ionic mobility.
• Kohlrausch’s law: Law that relates the conductivity of an electrolyte to its ions at infinite dilution.
• Corrosion: Deterioration of metals due to electrochemical reactions with their environment.

Chemical Kinetics

• Rate of reaction: Speed at which a chemical reaction occurs.
• Integrated rate equations: Mathematical expressions that relate reactant concentration with time.
• Arrhenius equation: Equation showing the effect of temperature on reaction rates.

Surface Chemistry

• Adsorption: Accumulation of molecules on the surface of solids or liquids.
• Catalysis: Acceleration of a chemical reaction by a catalyst.
• Colloids: Mixtures where one substance is dispersed in another, with particle sizes between true solutions and suspensions.
• Emulsions: Colloidal dispersions of liquids in liquids (e.g., milk).

2. Inorganic Chemistry : CBSE Class 12 Important Topics

Inorganic chemistry deals with the properties and behaviors of inorganic compounds. Below are the important topics from the chapters of Class 12 Inorganic Chemistry, just focus by heart on these topics and you’ll be good to go for examinations:

The d- and f-Block Elements

• Properties of d-block elements: Variable oxidation states, formation of colored compounds, and catalytic properties.
• Lanthanoids and actinoids: Elements in the f-block; lanthanoids exhibit contraction, while actinoids are mostly radioactive.
• Applications: Use of these elements in alloys, catalysts, and electronics.

Coordination Compounds

• Nomenclature: Systematic naming of coordination compounds based on IUPAC rules.
• Isomerism: Structural and stereoisomerism in coordination compounds.
• Bonding theories: Valence bond theory (VBT) and crystal field theory (CFT) explaining bonding and properties.
• Applications: Importance in biological systems, medicine, and industrial processes.

The p-Block Elements

• Groups 15 to 18 properties: Trends and properties of nitrogen, oxygen, halogens, and noble gases.
• Important compounds: Ammonia, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, chlorine, and noble gas compounds.

General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

• Principles of metallurgy: Steps like concentration, reduction, and refining of ores.
• Ellingham diagrams: Graphical representation of the feasibility of reduction processes.
• Extraction processes: Methods used for extracting metals like iron, copper, and zinc.

3. Organic Chemistry : CBSE Class 12 Important Topics

Organic chemistry is literally so important for understanding carbon-containing compounds and their reactions. It’s always looked up on as the hard part of Chemistry Class 12 but trust me, it gets really simple if you just focus on these sections and try understanding the basics thoroughly:

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

• Preparation methods: Techniques for synthesizing these compounds.
• Reactions: Mechanisms of nucleophilic substitution reactions.

Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers

• Preparation and properties: Methods of synthesis and their physical and chemical properties.
• Reactions: Oxidation, esterification, and electrophilic substitution in phenols.

Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids

• Preparation and properties: Key methods for synthesis and properties of these compounds.
• Important reactions: Aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, and decarboxylation.

Amines

• Classification and preparation: Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines; methods of synthesis.
• Diazonium salts: Preparation and applications in organic synthesis.

Biomolecules

• Carbohydrates: Classification into monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
• Proteins: Structure, types, and biological significance.
• Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA, their structure and functions.
• Enzymes: Biological catalysts and their roles in metabolism.

Polymers

• Types of polymers: Addition and condensation polymers.
• Examples: Properties and uses of common polymers like polyethylene, nylon, and Bakelite.

Chemistry in Everyday Life

• Drugs: Classification based on function (antacids, analgesics, antibiotics, etc.).
• Soaps and detergents: Composition, cleansing action, and environmental impact.

Class 12 Chemistry Study Tips for 90+ Marks:

Chemistry is a complex subject. Actually , the subject is not complex but the equations that follow. But if we try to focus on the basics with a “never give up” attitude, we could actually make it. What say? Follow these tips for the starters:

1. Understand the Syllabus: Familiarize yourself with the syllabus and the weightage of each chapter to prioritize your preparation accordingly.
2. NCERT is Key: Focus on the NCERT textbook as it provides concise and accurate information aligned with the CBSE syllabus.
3. Practice Problems: Regularly solve numerical problems in Physical Chemistry to improve speed and accuracy.
4. Use Flashcards: Create flashcards for memorizing reactions, periodic trends, and key concepts to enhance retention.
5. Revise Regularly: Periodic revision is crucial for retaining complex topics and formulas.
6. Mock Tests: Attempt CBSE sample papers and previous year’s question papers to understand the exam pattern and time management.

How Class 12 Chemistry Subject-Wise Material Can Sharpen Your Preparation:

Easy to Navigate: Organized, subject-wise material helps in quickly finding the information needed for specific topics.

Deepens Understanding: By breaking the subject into topics, students can gain a thorough understanding of each concept and its applications.

Efficient Use of Resources: With curated material, students can make the best use of time and effort, studying exactly what’s needed.

Stress-Free Preparation: By avoiding last-minute cramming, students can reduce stress and build a better understanding.

Quick Access to Important Information: Relevant diagrams, formulas, and definitions are available at a glance for quicker revision.

By focusing on the above material and adhering to a structured study plan, students can excel in CBSE Class 12 Chemistry. Remember, consistent effort and thorough preparation are the keys to success! Happy learning Champs!