CBSE Important Questions Ch 2 Class 12 Physics 2025 PDF

The chapter Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance is crucial for Class 12 students as it covers fundamental concepts of electrostatics, potential energy, and capacitors, along with their practical applications. This topic is extensively tested in board exams and competitive exams such as JEE, NEET, and other engineering or medical entrance tests.

To support your preparation, we have compiled a set of important questions from Class 12 Physics, Chapter 2. These questions are designed to be conceptual, numerical, and application-based, helping students develop a deep understanding of the subject. Additionally, we provide extra questions to further strengthen exam readiness and boost problem-solving confidence.

In this guide, we will explore why certain questions are particularly Important Questions of Chapter 2 Physics Class 12, the best approach to solving them, and why downloading them onto your device can enhance your exam preparation.

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In the table given below, we have provided the links to Class 12 Physics Chapter 2 Most Important Questions PDFs for Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance. You can download them without having to share any login info.

Topics Covered in Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Below is an enhanced explanation of the Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance chapter from the Class 12 Physics syllabus, along with some sample questions and answers based on common educational materials.

Electrostatic Potential

Electrostatic potential is defined as the potential energy per unit charge at a specific position within an electric field. The work done in bringing a charge from a point at infinity to a given point is known as electrostatic potential.

• The potential at a distance r from a charge Q is given by:
  V = kQ/r, where k is Coulomb’s constant.

Potential Energy Due to an Electric Dipole

• On the axial line of the dipole: V = kP cosθ / r²
• On the equatorial line: V = 0

Potential Due to a Collection of Charges

The total potential energy of a system of multiple charges is the sum of the individual potentials:
V = kΣ(qi/ri)

Equipotential Surfaces

Equipotential surfaces are defined as regions where no work is required to move a charge. The electric field lines are always perpendicular to these surfaces.

Potential Energy of Charges

• In a system of positive charges, potential energy increases, and work is required to assemble the charges from an initial position at infinity.
• The total work done by an external electric field is equal to -Ep.

Potential Energy in an Electric Field

• When a charge moves within an electric field, it performs work against the field, leading to a change in potential energy:
  U = qV

Relationship Between Electric Field and Potential

We hope that you practice the above Electrostatics Class 12 Extra Questions and achieve your dream marks.

• The electric field is the negative gradient of a scalar potential:
  E = -∇V
• Variation of Electric Field with Potential: E = -dV/dr

Capacitors and Capacitance

• Capacitance (C) is the charge stored per unit increase in potential difference across a conductor.
• For a parallel plate capacitor:

C = (ε₀εrA) / d, where A is the plate area and d is the separation between them.

• With a dielectric material:

C' = K × C, where K is the dielectric constant.

Combination of Capacitors

• Series Combination:
  1/Ceq = Σ(1/Ci)
• Parallel Combination:
  Ceq = ΣCi

Energy Stored in a Capacitor

The energy stored in a capacitor is given by:
U = ½ CV²

 Polarisation and Dielectrics

• Effect of a Dielectric on Capacitance:

Inserting a dielectric between the capacitor plates increases its capacitance by a factor of the dielectric constant K.

• Dielectric Constant (K):

The ratio of capacitance with a dielectric to capacitance without it: K = C'/C

Van de Graaff Generator

• Principle and Working:

The Van de Graaff generator is a device that uses a moving belt to transfer charge to a hollow metal sphere, generating high voltages.

Why Should Students Download These Important Questions?

Downloading important questions on Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance offers several advantages that can significantly enhance your exam preparation. These questions have been carefully selected from previous years' papers, NCERT textbooks, and expert recommendations. Here’s why you should consider downloading them:

Be Prepared for Exams

These questions cover all key concepts and help you master the most frequently tested topics in board and competitive exams.

Save Time and Study Efficiently

Finding relevant questions from various sources can be time-consuming. This collection provides a well-structured set of important questions in one place, making studying more efficient.

Gain a Deeper Understanding

This question bank includes theoretical, conceptual, and numerical problems, helping students develop a thorough grasp of the chapter.

Boost Confidence and a Positive Mindset

Practising these questions helps build problem-solving skills and boosts confidence, improving overall exam performance.

Learn How Questions Are Framed

Understanding the pattern and structure of exam questions allows students to prepare more effectively and answer with precision.

How to Use These Important Questions Effectively

Simply downloading the important questions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 2 won’t guarantee high marks—you need to use them strategically. Here’s how:

Strengthen Your Concepts First

Before attempting the questions, ensure you have a clear understanding of Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance.

Solve NCERT Questions First

NCERT books provide the foundation for board and competitive exams. Complete all examples, in-text questions, and exercises before moving on to advanced problems.

Adopt a Step-by-Step Approach

• Start with basic conceptual questions.
• Move on to derivations and numerical problems.
• Finally, tackle application-based and higher-order thinking questions.

Analyse Previous Year Questions

Identify frequently asked topics and focus more on those to improve your exam strategy.

Improve Time Management

Practise answering questions within a set time limit to enhance speed and accuracy, especially for time-sensitive exams like JEE and board exams.

Revise Regularly

Maintain a notebook of important formulas, derivations, and key points for quick revision before exams.

Take Mock Tests

Solve sample papers and previous years’ papers under timed conditions to simulate the exam experience.

Using Important Questions to Achieve High Marks

To score well in Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance, students must understand concepts clearly, prepare systematically, and practise consistently. Here’s how to use these important questions effectively:

Focus on High-Weightage Topics

Prioritise topics that carry more marks, such as:

• Electrostatic potential and electric potential energy
• Capacitance and its types
• Energy stored in a capacitor
• Capacitors in series and parallel

Master Important Derivations

Board exams often include derivation-based questions. Ensure you learn all important derivations thoroughly and check each step carefully.

Practise Numerical Problems

Familiarise yourself with different formulas and their applications, and regularly practise numerical problems to build confidence.

Structure Answers Clearly

• Provide direct, well-defined answers.
• Use diagrams, flowcharts, and stepwise derivations to improve presentation.
• Avoid vague or lengthy explanations.

Avoid Common Errors

Students often lose marks due to:

• Incorrect units
• Calculation mistakes
• Skipping key steps in derivations

Pay close attention to these details while solving problems.

Mastering Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance requires conceptual clarity, consistent practice, and systematic preparation. This chapter is crucial in Class 12 Physics, and solving these important questions will help students strengthen their problem-solving skills, focus on key topics, and improve their exam performance.

Practising regularly and following these strategies will ensure success in board exams and competitive exams like JEE and NEET. Start preparing today to maximise your scores!

All the best!