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Check out the latest CBSE Class 12 Economics 2025-26 Syllabus. PDF given below:
Have you ever wondered how prices are determined in the market? What causes inflation, and how do governments manage economic growth? Economics helps answer these questions by exploring how resources are allocated, how businesses operate, and how national policies shape the economy.
The CBSE Class 12 Economics syllabus 2025-26 is designed to give students a comprehensive understanding of both microeconomics and macroeconomics. This syllabus helps students develop analytical skills, understand economic concepts, and apply them to real-world situations. Whether you’re preparing for board exams or competitive entrance tests, having a clear understanding of the syllabus is essential. In this guide, we will cover all the key topics, marking schemes, and important updates to help you study effectively.
In this guide, we will walk you through the complete syllabus, important topics, and exam pattern to help you prepare effectively. Let’s get started!.
Like the Class 12 Economics Syllabus, students can also check out the Syllabus of Class 12 Psychology & Class 12 Applied Mathematics to plan their exams accordingly. Students can create a combined timetable for these exams to perform well and manage their time.
The CBSE Class 12 Economics syllabus is structured to give students a clear understanding of how economies function at both individual and national levels. The syllabus is divided into two main sections: Microeconomics and Macroeconomics, each covering essential topics that help students develop analytical and problem-solving skills.
What is Macroeconomics?
Basic concepts in macroeconomics: consumption goods, capital goods, final goods, intermediate goods, stocks and flows; gross investment and depreciation.
Circular flow of income (two-sector model); Methods of calculating National Income - Value Added or Product method, Expenditure method, Income method.
Aggregates related to National Income:
Gross National Product (GNP), Net National Product (NNP), Gross Domestic Product(GDP) and Net Domestic Product (NDP) - at market price, at factor cost; Real and Nominal GDP
GDP Deflator, GDP and Welfare
Money – meaning and functions, supply of money - Currency held by the public and net demand deposits held by commercial banks.
Money creation by the commercial banking system.
Central bank and its functions (example of the Reserve Bank of India): Bank of issue, Govt. Bank, Banker's Bank, Control of Credit through Bank Rate, Cash Reserve Ratio(CRR), Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR), Repo Rate and Reverse Repo Rate, Open Market Operations, and Margin requirement.
Aggregate demand and its components.
Propensity to consume and propensity to save (average and marginal).
Short-run equilibrium output; investment multiplier and its mechanism.
Meaning of full employment and involuntary unemployment.
Problems of excess demand and deficient demand; measures to correct them - changes in government spending, taxes and money supply.
Government budget - meaning, objectives and components.
Classification of receipts - revenue receipts and capital receipts;
Classification of expenditure – revenue expenditure and capital expenditure.
Balanced, Surplus and Deficit Budget – measures of government deficit.
Balance of payments account - meaning and components;
Balance of payments – Surplus and Deficit
Foreign exchange rate - meaning of fixed and flexible rates and managed floating.
Determination of exchange rate in a free market, Merits and demerits of flexible and fixed exchange rate.
Managed floating exchange rate system
A brief introduction of the state of the Indian economy on the eve of independence. Indian economic system and common goals of Five Year Plans.
Main features, problems and policies of agriculture (institutional aspects and new agricultural strategy), industry (IPR 1956; SSI – role & importance) and foreign trade.
Economic Reforms since 1991:
Features and appraisals of liberalisation, globalisation and privatisation (LPG policy); Concepts of demonetisation and GST
Human Capital Formation: How people become resource; Role of human capital in economic development; Growth of the Education Sector in India
Rural development: Key issues - credit and marketing - role of cooperatives; agricultural diversification; alternative farming - organic farming
Employment: Growth and changes in workforce participation rate in formal and informal sectors; problems and policies
Sustainable Economic Development: Meaning, Effects of Economic Development on Resources and Environment, including global warming
A comparison with neighbours
India and Pakistan
India and China
Issues: economic growth, population, sectoral development and other Human Development Indicators
You must become familiar with the curriculum, make clear learning objectives, organise your studies, look into additional resources, and practise often if you want to do well in your classes. By using these strategies, you'll improve your comprehension of the subject and achieve academic success in economics.
Are you preparing for the Class 12 Economics exam? Do you want to know exactly what to study and how to plan your preparation effectively? Downloading the CBSE Class 12 Economics Syllabus is essential for several reasons.
Know the Exact Topics to Study
The syllabus outlines all the topics covered in Microeconomics and Macroeconomics, helping you focus on what’s important and avoid wasting time on irrelevant material.
Stay Updated with the Latest Changes
CBSE often updates the syllabus to align with current economic trends and educational needs. Downloading the latest syllabus ensures you are studying the right content as per the rationalised syllabus.
Understand the Marking Scheme
The syllabus provides a clear mark distribution for different chapters, allowing you to prioritise high-weightage topics for better exam performance.
Plan Your Study Schedule Effectively
Having a syllabus helps you create a structured study plan, ensuring you cover all topics before the board exams without last-minute stress.
Useful for Competitive Exam Preparation
Class 12 Economics concepts are also important for exams like CUET, UPSC, and other entrance tests. Following the CBSE syllabus gives you a strong foundation for higher studies.
Helps in Revision and Practice
By referring to the syllabus, you can keep track of completed topics, revise efficiently, and practice important questions from the right sections.
Where to Download the CBSE Class 12 Economics Syllabus 2026?
You can download the latest syllabus directly from:
Downloading and referring to the syllabus regularly will help you stay focused, organised, and confident for your exams. Get your copy today and start preparing smarter!
Preparing for your Class 12 Economics exam requires a structured study plan to cover all topics efficiently and score well. By following a well-organised approach based on the latest syllabus, you can stay on track and revise effectively before the board exams. Here’s a step-by-step study plan to help you succeed.
Step 1: Understand the Syllabus and Marking Scheme
Start by downloading the CBSE Economics Class 12 Syllabus and carefully reviewing the topics in Microeconomics and Macroeconomics. Identify chapters with higher weightage and focus more on them.
Microeconomics Topics: Consumer Behaviour, Producer Theory, Market Structures, Price Determination
Macroeconomics Topics: National Income, Money & Banking, Government Budget, Balance of Payments
Tip: Make a list of all topics and tick them off as you complete them.
Step 2: Create a Weekly Study Schedule
Instead of studying everything at once, break the syllabus into smaller sections and allocate specific topics to each week.
Example Study Plan:
Tip: Study at least 2-3 hours daily, giving equal time to theory, numerical problems, and application-based questions.
Step 3: Focus on Conceptual Clarity
Economics requires a clear understanding of concepts rather than rote learning. Try the following methods:
Step 4: Solve NCERT Questions & Previous Year Papers
Practising questions regularly is crucial to scoring well on the board exams.
Tip: Focus on long-answer questions and case studies, as these carry significant marks.
Step 5: Regular Revision is the Key
The best way to remember concepts is through consistent revision. Here’s how you can do it:
Step 6: Avoid Common Mistakes
Step 7: Final Exam Strategy
By following this structured study plan based on the CBSE Economics Class 12 Syllabus 2025-26, you can cover all topics effectively and score high in your board exams. Consistency, conceptual clarity, and regular practice are the keys to success. Stay focused, stay positive, and keep practising!
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