.svg)
Get ready to dive into some lit topics like Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. It’s all about understanding how the world works, from the tiniest atoms to the whole universe. Expect cool experiments, mind-blowing facts, and lessons that make science feel like a breeze. Whether you’re into space, cells, or chemical reactions, this syllabus has got you covered.
Stay tuned for the full details!
Internal Assessment: Based on practicals and experiments conducted in the laboratory (weightage 20%).
Theory Paper: Divided into objective questions, short-answer questions, and long-answer questions (weightage 80%)
The CBSE Class 9 Science syllabus covers a wide range of fundamental topics across Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. Each chapter plays a vital role in building the foundational knowledge that is essential for higher classes. Below is the detailed breakdown of each chapter, with important sub-topics, experiments, and learning outcomes.
Physics in Class 9 focuses on understanding the physical world through key concepts like motion, force, energy, and sound.
Chapter 1: Motion
This chapter introduces the basic concept of motion, different types of motion, and their mathematical representations.
Subtopics:
Distance and Displacement: Understanding the difference between scalar and vector quantities.
Speed and Velocity: Differentiating between speed (scalar) and velocity (vector).
Acceleration: Defining acceleration and understanding its calculations.
Graphical Representation of Motion: Using distance-time and velocity-time graphs to interpret motion.
Equations of Motion: Derivation of three equations of motion using graphical methods.
Uniform Circular Motion: The basics of circular motion and its real-life applications (e.g., satellites).
Experiments: Study the motion of a ball on an inclined plane and plot the distance-time graph to understand uniform and non-uniform motion.
Chapter 2: Force and Laws of Motion
This chapter focuses on the concept of force and Newton’s laws of motion.
Subtopics:
Force: Definition, effects of force, balanced and unbalanced forces.
Newton’s First Law: Law of inertia, real-life examples (e.g., seatbelts in cars).
Newton’s Second Law: Relation between force, mass, and acceleration (F=ma).
Newton’s Third Law: Action-reaction pairs (e.g., firing a gun, rocket propulsion).
Momentum and Conservation of Momentum: Definition and law of conservation of momentum in collisions.
Experiments: Demonstrate the third law of motion using different objects and observe the effects of momentum.
Chapter 3: Gravitation
This chapter introduces the universal law of gravitation and the concepts of mass, weight, and free fall.
Subtopics:
Universal Law of Gravitation: Mathematical representation and examples in daily life.
Free Fall: Concept of free fall and acceleration due to gravity (g = 9.8 m/s²).
Mass and Weight: Differences between mass and weight, calculation of weight on different planets.
Thrust and Pressure: Introduction to pressure, applications in liquids, and gases (e.g., hydraulic lift).
Archimedes’ Principle: Buoyancy and its applications (e.g., ships floating).
Relative Density: Concept of density and comparison using relative density.
Experiments: Measure the weight of objects in air and water to study buoyancy and Archimedes’ principle.
Chapter 4: Work, Energy, and Power
This chapter covers the scientific meaning of work and energy, along with the law of conservation of energy.
Subtopics:
Work: Definition, mathematical formula (Work = Force x Distance), positive and negative work.
Energy: Kinetic energy (KE = ½ mv²), potential energy (PE = mgh), and mechanical energy.
Power: Definition and calculation (Power = Work/Time), units of power (Watts).
Law of Conservation of Energy: Understanding how energy is conserved in a closed system (e.g., a pendulum).
Experiments: Measure the work done by a force in moving an object and calculate energy transformations in various systems.
Chapter 5: Sound
Understanding how sound is produced, its properties, and its applications.
Subtopics:
Production and Propagation of Sound: How sound is generated and travels through different media (solids, liquids, gases).
Characteristics of Sound: Frequency, wavelength, amplitude, and speed of sound.
Reflection of Sound: Echo, reverberation, and their applications.
Applications of Sound: Sonar technology and structure of the human ear (Deleted: Mechanism of hearing).
Experiments: Measure the speed of sound using tuning forks and sound waves in a resonance tube.
Chemistry in Class 9 revolves around understanding the nature and behavior of matter, chemical reactions, and atomic structure.
Chapter 1: Matter in Our Surroundings
Introduction to the physical states of matter and their interconversion.
Subtopics:
States of Matter: Solid, liquid, and gas – with properties and examples.
Change of State: Melting, boiling, freezing, and condensation.
Evaporation: Factors affecting evaporation and its applications in daily life (e.g., cooling effect of perspiration).
Experiments: Study the process of evaporation and condensation using simple laboratory techniques.
Chapter 2: Is Matter Around Us Pure?
Distinguishing between mixtures and pure substances.
Subtopics:
Types of Mixtures: Homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures with examples.
Solutions, Suspensions, and Colloids: Properties, examples, and differences.
Separation Techniques: Filtration, distillation, and chromatography.
Physical and Chemical Changes: Differentiating physical and chemical changes through examples.
Experiments: Separation of mixtures using methods like filtration and chromatography.
Chapter 3: Atoms and Molecules
Fundamental concepts of atoms, molecules, and chemical reactions.
Subtopics:
Dalton’s Atomic Theory: Basic postulates of the atomic theory.
Laws of Chemical Combination: Law of conservation of mass, and law of constant proportions.
Molecules and Ions: Concepts of atoms, ions, molecules, and the mole concept.
Chemical Formulae: Writing chemical formulae for compounds (e.g., NaCl, H₂O).
Mole Concept: Basic understanding of the mole and Avogadro's number.
Experiments: Perform simple chemical reactions and verify the law of conservation of mass.
Chapter 4: Structure of the Atom
Study of atomic models and subatomic particles.
Subtopics:
Atomic Models: Thomson’s, Rutherford’s, and Bohr’s models of the atom.
Structure of the Atom: Introduction to protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Atomic Number and Mass Number: Definition and calculation of atomic and mass numbers.
Isotopes and Isobars: Definition, examples, and applications (e.g., isotopes of carbon).
Experiments: Model the structure of an atom using simple materials to understand subatomic particles.
Biology focuses on life processes, cellular organization, and biodiversity. Here’s the chapter-wise breakdown:
Chapter 1: The Fundamental Unit of Life
Introduction to cells, their structure, and functions.
Subtopics:
Discovery of Cells: Cell theory and history of cell discovery.
Structure of Plant and Animal Cells: Overview of the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.
Organelles: Detailed study of cell organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles.
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: Comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Cell Division: Types of cell division - mitosis and its significance in growth and repair.
Experiments: Study plant and animal cells under a microscope and draw diagrams to identify different parts.
Chapter 2: Tissues
Understanding different types of plant and animal tissues and their functions.
Subtopics:
Plant Tissues: Meristematic tissues and permanent tissues (simple and complex).
Animal Tissues: Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues with their structures and functions.
Experiments: Prepare a temporary mount of onion peel to observe plant tissues and human cheek cells to study animal tissues.
Chapter 3: Diversity in Living Organisms
Understanding classification systems and the diversity of life forms.
Subtopics:
Five Kingdom Classification: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
Hierarchy of Classification: Phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.
Plant and Animal Classification: Detailed study of the classification of plants and animals, including characteristics of different phyla (e.g., arthropods, chordates).
Experiments: Study specimens of various plants and animals to understand their classification.
Chapter 4: Why Do We Fall Ill?
Introduction to health, diseases, and their prevention.
Subtopics:
Health and Its Failure: Definition of health, factors affecting health.
Diseases and Their Causes: Infectious and non-infectious diseases, pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi).
Prevention of Diseases: Principles of prevention, vaccination, and hygiene practices.
Experiments: Observe case studies on diseases like malaria and cholera to understand the role of pathogens.
Chapter 5: Natural Resources
Importance of air, water, soil, and biogeochemical cycles.
Subtopics:
Air and Atmosphere: Composition and importance of the atmosphere.
Water – A Precious Resource: Importance of water, water pollution, and its conservation.
Biogeochemical Cycles: Water cycle, carbon cycle, oxygen cycle, and nitrogen cycle.
Ozone Layer Depletion: Causes, effects, and measures to protect the ozone layer.
Experiments: Study the water cycle and demonstrate soil conservation techniques.
Chapter 6: Improvement in Food Resources
Methods to improve food resources and agricultural practices.
Subtopics:
Crop Production: Types of crops (Kharif and Rabi), crop rotation, and mixed farming.
Animal Husbandry: Dairy farming, poultry farming, and fisheries.
Green Revolution: Its impact on food production and modern techniques in agriculture.
Sustainable Practices: Organic farming, water conservation, and soil management.
Experiments: Observe farming techniques and study pest control methods for sustainable agriculture.
The CBSE Class 9 Science syllabus is designed to provide a comprehensive yet manageable understanding of the fundamental principles of science. With a focus on practicality and critical thinking, this syllabus is an excellent stepping stone to higher classes. By staying focused, revising regularly, and understanding the changes in the curriculum, you can ace the exams and build a strong foundation for the future!
.svg){kind=logo}
