ISC Class 12 Physics Syllabus 2026 | Free PDF Download

The ISC Class 12 Physics Syllabus has been released officially. From the motion of planets to the working of modern gadgets, Physics is everywhere! It is designed to develop analytical skills, problem-solving abilities, and a strong conceptual base for higher studies. 

In this guide, we’ll break down the Physics Syllabus ISC Physics Class 12 Syllabus, marking scheme, exam pattern, and essential preparation tips to help you ace the subject.

Also, you should check out ISC Mathematics Syllabus Class 12 for better study routine as these both subjects could go hand in hand really well!

ISC Class 12 Physics Syllabus PDF for the Year 2025-26 – Download the Latest PDF

The Physics Syllabus ISC Class 12 for 2025-26 has been updated! Students, parents, and teachers should carefully go through these revisions to make sure thorough preparation. Download the updated ISC Physics Syllabus for 2026 from the link below and get started on your preparation!

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Assessment Structure for Physics Syllabus ISC Class 12

The ISC Physics Class 12 Syllabus is divided into External and Internal Assessments. The external exam tests theoretical concepts, while the internal evaluation focuses on practical applications.

a) Marking Scheme ISC Physics Class 12 Syllabus

The table below shows the weightage of different sections:

• Theory = 70 marks 
• Practical = 30 marks

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b) Exam Pattern ISC Physics Class 12 Syllabus

The question paper follows a structured pattern:

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ISC Class 12 Physics Syllabus Detailed Breakdown

Below is the complete breakdown of the ISC Physics Syllabus Class 12 2025-26, making sure that you cover every important concept in depth.

1. Electrostatics

Electric Charges and Fields

• Coulomb’s law: force between two point charges
• Electric field and its properties
• Gauss’s theorem and its applications
• Electric dipole and field due to dipole

Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

• Electric potential and potential energy
• Equipotential surfaces
• Capacitors and capacitance (parallel plate capacitor)
• Combination of capacitors (series & parallel)
• Energy stored in a capacitor

2. Current Electricity

Electric Current & Ohm’s Law

• Resistance, conductance, resistivity, conductivity
• Factors affecting resistance
• Temperature dependence of resistance
• Internal resistance of a cell

Kirchhoff’s Laws & Electrical Circuits

• Kirchhoff’s current and voltage laws
• Wheatstone bridge & Meter Bridge
• Potentiometer and its applications (comparison of EMF, internal resistance)
  

3. Magnetism & Magnetic Effects of Current

Moving Charges and Magnetism

• Biot-Savart law & Ampere’s law
• Magnetic field due to current-carrying wire, loop, and solenoid
• Force on a moving charge in a magnetic field (Lorentz force)
• Torque on a current loop, moving coil galvanometer

Magnetism and Matter

• Bar magnet and its properties
• Earth's magnetism and magnetic elements
• Diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic materials

4. Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

Electromagnetic Induction

• Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction
• Lenz’s law and its applications
• Self and mutual inductance

Alternating Current (AC)

• AC voltage applied to resistor, capacitor, and inductor
• Series LCR circuit and resonance
• Power in AC circuits and power factor
• Transformers: working principles and energy losses

5. Electromagnetic Waves

Nature & Properties of EM Waves

• Maxwell’s equations (qualitative)
• Electromagnetic spectrum and applications
• Uses of different EM waves (radio waves, microwaves, X-rays, etc.)

6. Optics

Ray Optics

• Reflection and refraction of light
• Optical instruments (microscopes and telescopes)
• Lens formula and magnification
  

Wave Optics

• Huygens’ principle
• Interference of light (Young’s double-slit experiment)
• Diffraction and polarization

7. Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation

Photoelectric Effect

• Einstein’s photoelectric equation
• Work function and threshold frequency
• Applications of photoelectric effect
  

Matter Waves (de Broglie Hypothesis)

• Wave-particle duality of matter
• Davisson-Germer experiment

8. Atoms & Nuclei

Atomic Structure

• Bohr’s atomic model
• Energy levels and hydrogen spectrum

Nuclear Physics

• Radioactivity: alpha, beta, and gamma decay
• Half-life and decay constant
• Nuclear fission and fusion

9. Semiconductor Electronics

Semiconductors & Devices

• Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors
• p-n junction diode: characteristics and applications
• Zener diode and voltage regulation

Digital Electronics & Logic Gates

• Logic gates: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR
• Boolean algebra and truth tables

10. Communication Systems

Principles of Communication

• Modulation and demodulation
• Satellite communication
• Fiber optic communication

Project Work & Practical Examination Physics Syllabus ISC Class 12

The Internal Assessment in ISC Physics Syllabus Class 12 is important as it accounts for 30 marks, focusing on hands-on experiments, investigatory projects, and viva sessions.

1. Practical Experiments (15 Marks)

Students must perform experiments based on the prescribed ISC Physics Class 12 Syllabus. The practical section is divided into two parts:

A. Experiments (Any Five from the List Below)

1. Verification of Ohm’s Law – Study the relation between voltage and current.
   
2. Meter Bridge Experiment – Determine unknown resistance using a Wheatstone bridge.
   
3. Potentiometer Experiment - Compare EMF of two cells. Determine internal resistance of a cell.
   
4. Resistance of a Wire – Using a screw gauge and micrometer.
   
5. Variation of Resistance with Temperature – Study the effect of heat on resistance.
   
6. Resonance in LCR Circuit – Study voltage & phase relationships in AC circuits.
   
7. Verification of Kirchhoff’s Laws – Using a simple electrical circuit.
   
8. Characteristics of a p-n Junction Diode – Forward and reverse bias analysis.
   
9. Determination of Focal Length – Using a convex lens or concave mirror.
   
10. Study of Photoelectric Effect – Understanding threshold frequency and stopping potential.

B. Demonstrations & Short Activities (Any Two)

1. Transformer Working Model – Understanding step-up & step-down transformers.
   
2. Electromagnetic Induction Experiment – Demonstrating Faraday’s Laws.
   
3. Logic Gates Verification – Using truth tables for AND, OR, NOT, NAND, and NOR gates.
   
4. Newton’s Rings – To determine the wavelength of light.
   
5. Spectrometer Experiment – Study refraction through a prism.

2. Project Work (10 Marks)

Each student must undertake an investigatory Physics project that demonstrates scientific analysis and real-world application. The project is assessed based on originality, depth, and presentation.

Suggested Project Topics in ISC Physics Syllabus Class 12

1. Solar Cell Efficiency – How effective are different materials in harnessing solar energy?
   
2. Wireless Electricity Transmission – Investigating Nikola Tesla’s experiments.
   
3. Magnetic Levitation (Maglev) – Understanding the principles behind magnetic trains.
   
4. Optical Fiber Communication – Exploring how light travels through optical fibers.
   
5. Working Model of a Hydroelectric Generator – Demonstration of hydroelectric power generation.
   
6. Radioactive Decay Simulation – Understanding the half-life of radioactive substances.
   
7. Sound Waves & Resonance – Practical demonstration of standing waves and beats.

3. Practical File (5 Marks)

Students must maintain a well-documented Physics practical notebook, including:

• Aim, Apparatus, Procedure, Observations, and Conclusion for each experiment.
  
• Graphs and circuit diagrams (where applicable).
  
• Neat and organized presentation.

4. Viva Voce (Part of Practical & Project)

A viva session will be conducted based on:

• Understanding of experiments performed.
  
• Conceptual clarity on the investigatory project.
  
• Application-based questions to test knowledge.

Preparation Tips for Physics Board Exam Class 12

To master ISC Physics Class 12 Syllabus, follow these effective tips:

1. Stick to the ISC-prescribed textbooks – Use recommended books to cover all concepts thoroughly.
2. Solve Previous Year Question Papers – Practice with ISC Physics PYQs to understand the exam pattern and common question trends.
3. Focus on Numerical Problems – Regularly practice numericals from key topics like Electrostatics and Current Electricity.
4. Use Sample Papers for Revision – Attempt ISC Physics Sample Papers to improve time management and accuracy.

The ISC Class 12 Physics Syllabus is well-structured and covers a vast range of topics that are important for future studies and competitive exams. With proper planning, regular practice, and a strategic approach, you can score high in Physics. All the best! 

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the key topics in ISC Class 12 Physics 2025-26 syllabus?

The key topics include Mechanics, Electricity, Magnetism, Optics, and Modern Physics. Students will also study topics like Waves and Communication Systems. These subjects lay the foundation for advanced studies in physics.

Is there a change in the Physics syllabus for 2025-26?

Yes, the ISC Physics Syllabus Class 12 for 2025-26 introduces minor changes, especially in Modern Physics and Electronics. Topics related to waves and the theory of relativity are updated. These changes align with the evolving curriculum guidelines.

How many units are there in the Physics Syllabus ISC Class 12?

The syllabus is divided into five main units: Mechanics, Electrostatics, Magnetism, Optics, and Modern Physics. These cover both theoretical concepts and practical applications. Each unit has detailed sub-topics for a comprehensive understanding.

Will ISC Physics Syllabus Class 12 have practical exams in 2025-26?

Yes, practical exams are part of the ISC Class 12 Physics assessment. Students will be tested on their ability to perform experiments and record observations. The practicals carry significant weight in the final grade.

Where can I find the detailed Physics syllabus for 2025-26?

You can download the detailed syllabus from the official ISC website. Schools also provide printed copies. Additionally, refer to textbooks specifically designed for the Physics Syllabus ISC Class 12.