NCERT Accountancy Class 12 Textbook| Free PDF for 2025 Exams

NCERT Books Class 12 Accountancy

NCERT designed the new syllabus and constituted Textbook Development Teams for Class XII to prepare textbooks in Accountancy under the new guidelines and new CBSE Class 12 Accountancy Syllabus. Every single question in the 2025 Board Exams will come strictly from this NCERT Class 12 Accountancy (Part I and II) Book PDF given below. The new pattern questions Case based MCQs are also based on the theory given in this NCERT Accountancy (Part I and II) PDF below.

In Commerce, there are lots of subjects along with CBSE Class 12 Accounts. Students can include Business Studies using the Class 12 BST NCERT textbook in their exam preparation strategy. Below is given easy access to the complete book PDF as well as chapter-wise PDF to easily download.

NCERT Class 12 Accountancy (Part I) PDF

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NCERT Accountancy Class 12 Book Part-I PDF

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NCERT Class 12 Accountancy (Part II) PDF

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NCERT Accountancy Class 12 Book Part-II PDF

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The following chapters are rationalized from the Class 12 NCERT.

1. Accounting for Partnership Basic Concepts (Part-I)

Topics Covered in NCERT Accountancy Class 12 Textbook

Part 1: Accounting for Partnership Firms and Companies

This part introduces students to the intricate details of partnership accounting and corporate financial practices, including share issuance, debenture redemption, and preparation of financial statements.

1. Accounting for Partnership Firms

Fundamentals of Partnership Accounting:
This chapter introduces the basics of partnership accounting, including the partnership deed, maintenance of capital accounts, profit-sharing ratios, and other critical partnership principles.

Topics covered: Fixed and fluctuating capital methods, interest on capital, and interest on drawings.

Admission of a Partner:
This chapter details the accounting procedures that come into play when a new partner is admitted into an existing firm.

Topics covered: Goodwill valuation, revaluation of assets and liabilities, adjustment of capital accounts, and alteration in profit-sharing ratios.

Retirement and Death of a Partner:
Here, students learn how to handle the complexities of a partner retiring or passing away, including settlement of claims.

Topics covered: Revaluation of assets, calculation of goodwill, payment of dues to the retiring or deceased partner, and distribution of profits.

Dissolution of Partnership Firm:
The dissolution process, liquidation of assets, and settlement of liabilities and partners' accounts are discussed in this chapter.

Topics covered: Realization account, settlement of partner’s loans and capital accounts, and insolvency of partners.

2. Accounting for Companies

Issue of Shares:
This chapter deals with the procedures and accounting entries related to issuing shares to the public.

Topics covered: Over-subscription and under-subscription, issue at par, at premium, and at discount, forfeiture of shares, and reissue of forfeited shares.

Issue of Debentures:
Students are introduced to debentures and how they are used by companies to raise funds.

Topics covered: Types of debentures, issue and redemption of debentures, accounting for interest payments, and debenture discounts.

Redemption of Debentures:
The various methods used to redeem debentures are explained in this chapter.

Topics covered: Lump-sum and installment methods, sinking funds, purchase from the open market, and conversion of debentures into shares.

Financial Statements of a Company:
This chapter provides a detailed look at how companies prepare financial statements such as profit and loss accounts, balance sheets, and notes to accounts in compliance with the Companies Act.

Topics covered: Structure of financial statements, vertical and horizontal formats, and interpretation of financial results.

Part 2: Analysis of Financial Statements

This part equips students with the knowledge and skills required to analyze financial data, assess a company’s performance, and make informed decisions based on that analysis.

1. Financial Statement Analysis

Introduction to Financial Statements:
This chapter introduces the basics of financial statement analysis, highlighting its objectives and importance in evaluating a company’s financial health.

Topics covered: Comparative financial statements, common-size financial statements, and trend analysis.

Ratio Analysis:
Ratio analysis is a crucial tool for understanding a company’s liquidity, solvency, profitability, and efficiency.

Topics covered: Liquidity ratios (current ratio, quick ratio), solvency ratios (debt-equity ratio), profitability ratios (gross profit ratio, net profit ratio), and activity ratios (inventory turnover ratio, debtor turnover ratio).

Cash Flow Statement:
This chapter teaches students how to prepare and interpret cash flow statements, a key tool for understanding a company’s cash inflows and outflows.

Topics covered: Operating, investing, and financing activities, and methods of preparing cash flow statements (direct and indirect methods).

2. Accounting for Not-for-Profit Organizations

Introduction to Not-for-Profit Organizations:
The specific accounting practices for not-for-profit entities such as schools, clubs, and charities are covered here.

Topics covered: Receipts and payments accounts, income and expenditure accounts, balance sheet preparation, and accounting treatment of subscriptions, donations, and grants.

Additional Features of the NCERT Accountancy Textbook

The NCERT Accountancy Class 12 textbook comes with several features that enhance the learning experience and help students achieve better results:

1. Clear Explanation of Concepts: Each chapter begins with a clear explanation of key concepts, which is followed by relevant examples. This step-by-step approach aids in breaking down complex ideas into simpler parts, making learning easier and more structured.
2. Practical Approach: The textbook balances theoretical knowledge with practical applications. It includes ample exercises that mimic real-world accounting scenarios, allowing students to practice and reinforce their understanding of how accounting principles work in practice.
3. Examples and Case Studies: The textbook uses numerous case studies and examples to explain accounting concepts. This is particularly helpful for understanding the application of theories in real-life situations, such as the dissolution of partnerships or preparation of financial statements for companies.
4. End-of-Chapter Exercises: Each chapter concludes with multiple exercises, including both numerical and theory-based questions. This helps students to test their understanding of the material and prepare for various types of exam questions, including those that require analytical and problem-solving skills.
5. Focus on Important Exam Topics: The book ensures that key topics, frequently asked in exams, are covered in detail. Concepts like Ratio Analysis, Cash Flow Statements, and Issue of Shares and Debentures are thoroughly discussed to give students a clear understanding

Benefits of NCERT Accountancy Class 12 Textbook

The NCERT Accountancy textbook for Class 12 offers several benefits to students preparing for their board exams:

1. Conceptual Clarity:
   The textbook simplifies complex accounting principles, making them easy to understand for students. Whether it’s partnership accounting or company financial statements, each topic is explained in a student-friendly manner.
2. Comprehensive Coverage:
   The textbook covers the entire CBSE syllabus for Accountancy, including detailed explanations of accounting standards, concepts, and practices followed in the business world.
3. Practice-Oriented Learning:
   Each chapter includes solved examples and unsolved exercises to reinforce learning. By practicing these questions, students can develop a deeper understanding of key concepts.
4. Free Access to PDFs:
   Students can easily download the free PDF of the NCERT Accountancy Class 12 textbook from Educart, making it accessible anytime for self-study.
5. Examination Alignment:
   The textbook follows the CBSE pattern, and many questions from past board exams are based directly on its content. This makes it highly relevant for scoring well in exams.

How to Maximize the Use of the NCERT Accountancy Textbook

To make the most out of the NCERT Accountancy Class 12 textbook, students should adopt a strategic approach to studying:

1. Understand the Basics First: Before attempting exercises, ensure that you have a solid understanding of the concepts. This is particularly important for topics like Partnership Accounting and Issue of Shares, where basic understanding is key to solving complex problems.
2. Practice Regularly: Accountancy requires regular practice to master. Work through all the examples in the textbook and attempt the unsolved questions at the end of each chapter. This will help you build confidence and speed when solving accounting problems.
3. Cross-Check Your Work: After completing exercises, always cross-check your answers with the solutions provided. For more detailed solutions, you can refer to Educart for step-by-step guides and explanations.
4. Solve Previous Years’ Papers: After going through the textbook, it’s essential to practice solving previous years’ board papers and sample papers. We provides a collection of solved papers, which is an excellent resource for exam preparation.
5. Time Management: Accounting exams often involve lengthy calculations, so it's important to practice under timed conditions. This will help you manage your time effectively during the exam and complete all the questions within the allotted time.

How NCERT Accounts Textbook Helps in Competitive Exams

The NCERT Accountancy Class 12 textbook is not just designed for board exams—it’s also highly useful for various competitive exams, particularly those in the commerce field. Here’s how it helps:

1. Comprehensive Coverage of Fundamentals: The textbook covers the basics of accountancy, including financial statements, ratio analysis, and partnership accounting, all of which are essential for exams like CUET (Common University Entrance Test), CPT (Common Proficiency Test), and other entrance exams for commerce-related courses.
2. Strong Foundation for Professional Courses: Students who wish to pursue Chartered Accountancy (CA), Company Secretary (CS), or Cost and Management Accountancy (CMA) will find this textbook extremely beneficial. It lays the groundwork for advanced accounting concepts, which are tested in the initial stages of these professional courses.
3. Prepares for Aptitude Tests: Many competitive exams test students on their knowledge of accounting basics through aptitude tests. The NCERT Accountancy textbook, with its clear explanation of fundamental concepts, ensures that students are well-prepared for such exams.
4. Application-Based Learning: The book focuses on real-world applications of accounting principles, which are often the focus of entrance exams. For instance, understanding how companies issue shares or calculate ratios is crucial for exams like IPMAT or BBA entrance tests

Tips for Scoring 90+ using the NCERT Accountancy Class 12 Textbook

1. Understand Concepts First
   • Before jumping to exercises, ensure you thoroughly understand the concepts. This is especially important for complex topics like dissolution of partnership firms and financial statement preparation.
2. Regular Practice
   • Regular practice is key to mastering accounting. After solving the in-text examples, refer to the exercises at the end of each chapter. Use solutions provided by Educart to review your work.
3. Utilize Past Year Papers
   • After completing the textbook, solve past year question papers and sample papers available on our website. This will help you become familiar with the exam pattern and time management.
4. Focus on Time Management
   • Accounting exams often require you to solve lengthy problems. Practice solving questions within the time limit to improve your speed and efficiency.

By mastering the concepts in the NCERT Accountancy Class 12 textbook, students can not only excel in their board exams but also lay a solid foundation for future studies and competitive exams in the field of commerce.

With the NCERT Accountancy Class 12 textbook and the right approach to studying, students can develop a deep understanding of accounting and boost their chances of success, not only in board exams but also in competitive exams and higher studies. Access the free PDF version of this textbook on website to start preparing for your 2025 exams today!

FAQs on NCERT Accountancy Class 12 Textbook

1. Where can I download the NCERT Accountancy Class 12 textbook PDF for free?

You can download the free PDF of the NCERT Accountancy Class 12 textbook from Educart. The textbook is available in a downloadable format, making it easy for students to access and study.

2. Is the NCERT Accountancy textbook sufficient for board exams?

Yes, the NCERT textbook is comprehensive and covers all topics in the CBSE syllabus. To ensure thorough preparation, students should complement their study with sample papers and revision notes available on Educart.

3. How can I effectively study Accountancy from the NCERT textbook?

Start by thoroughly reading each chapter and understanding the key concepts. Practice the solved and unsolved exercises at the end of each chapter. Use solutions from Educart to cross-check your answers and regularly solve sample papers to improve speed and accuracy.

4. Are NCERT Accountancy Class 12 solutions available for free?

Yes, Educart provides free access to NCERT solutions for Class 12 Accountancy. These solutions can help you better understand how to approach complex questions and practice effectively for board exams.

5. Can I use the NCERT Accountancy textbook for competitive exams?

Absolutely! The NCERT Accountancy Class 12 textbook is widely recommended for competitive exams like CUET, CPT (Common Proficiency Test), and others. It covers the fundamentals of accounting that are commonly tested in such exams.