UP Board Class 12 Biology for 2024-25 Syllabus

UP Board Class 12 Biology Syllabus for 2024-25

Biology Class 12 is  like understanding how things around us function , grow, reproduce and evolve. For class 12 students, Biology is an important subject as well as main subject of the stream PCB students. Learning bio class 11 is necessary to help you understand the basic concepts essential for the future career like medicine field, biotechnology or environmental science. 

Latest syllabus of UP Board Class 12 has been released officially. Below we have provided a download PDF for the latest syllabus along with reduced syllabus of 2024-25 to get an idea of the new added and deleted topics.

2024-25 Latest Syllabus UP Board Class 12 Biology

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2023-24 Syllabus UP Board Class 12 Biology

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(for reference purposes only)

Class 12 Biology Unit-wise Blueprint: UP Board

Unit-wise blueprint of a subject can help students know the syllabus and exam pattern correctly. Below, we have provided a table for you to go through:

Theory marks - 70

Practical marks - 30 

Time - 3 hrs  

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Important Topics for UP Board Biology Class 12 Board Exams:

There are some topics in Biology which seem to be frequently asked, or it might be possible that they appear in the exams 2025. To help students prepare well, we have provided a table of important chapters / topics below:

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Exam Pattern of Class 12 Biology Exam in UP board

There will be two papers for Biology with each paper carrying 19 questions.

• Paper 1 - Zoology (35 marks - 19 questions)
• Paper 2 - Botany (35 marks - 19 questions)

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Detailed breakdown of UP Board Syllabus Biology Class 12:

Unit 1: Reproduction

1. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Structure of flower, development of male and female gametophytes, pollination, types, outbreeding devices, pollen-pistil interaction, double fertilization, post-fertilization events, development of endosperm and embryo, seed and fruit formation, special modes-apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony, significance of seed and fruit formation.

2. Human Reproduction

Male and female reproductive systems, microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary, gametogenesis - spermatogenesis and oogenesis, menstrual cycle, fertilization, implantation, embryonic development up to blastocyst formation, pregnancy, placenta formation, parturition, and lactation.

3. Reproductive Health

Reproductive health, problems, and strategies, need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, birth control, contraception, and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP), amniocentesis, infertility, and assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs).

Unit 2: Genetics and Evolution

1. Principles of Inheritance and Variation

Mendelian inheritance, deviations from Mendelism (incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles, and inheritance of blood groups), pleiotropy, elementary idea of polygenic inheritance, chromosome theory of inheritance, chromosomes and genes, sex determination, linkage and recombination, sex-linked inheritance, Mendelian disorders in humans (color blindness, hemophilia, sickle cell anemia, phenylketonuria), chromosomal disorders in humans (Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome).

2. Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Structure of DNA and RNA, DNA packaging, DNA replication, transcription, genetic code, translation, gene expression and regulation (lac operon), genome and human genome project, DNA fingerprinting.

3. Evolution

Origin of life, biological evolution, evidence for evolution (paleontological, comparative anatomy, embryology, molecular evidence), Darwin’s contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution, mechanism of evolution (variation, mutation, recombination, natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow), Hardy-Weinberg principle, adaptive radiation, human evolution.

Unit 3: Biology in Human Welfare

1. Human Health and Diseases

Pathogens, parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ringworm), basic concepts of immunology - vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS, adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse.

2. Microbes in Human Welfare

Microbes in household products, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation, as biocontrol agents and bio-fertilizers, antibiotics, production, and judicious use.

Unit 4: Biotechnology and its Applications

1. Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

Genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology), cloning vectors, processes of recombinant DNA technology, applications of biotechnology in health and agriculture.

2. Biotechnology and its Application

Applications in health and agriculture: human insulin and vaccine production, gene therapy, genetically modified organisms - Bt crops, transgenic animals, biosafety issues, biopiracy, patents.

Unit 5: Ecology and Environment

1. Organisms and Populations

Organism and its environment, population and ecological adaptations, population interactions, population attributes, growth, birth rate, death rate, age distribution.

2. Ecosystem

Ecosystem, structure and function, productivity and decomposition, energy flow, pyramids of energy, ecological succession, nutrient cycling (carbon and phosphorous), ecosystem services, ecological pyramids.

3. Biodiversity and its Conservation

Biodiversity, its importance, types, patterns, loss, biodiversity conservation (in-situ and ex-situ conservation), biosphere reserves, national parks, sanctuaries, hot spots, endangered organisms, extinction.

List of Experiments

1. Prepare a temporary mount to observe pollen germination.
2. Study the plant population density by quadrat method.
3. Study the plant population frequency by quadrat method.
4. Prepare a temporary mount of onion root tip to study mitosis.
5. Isolate DNA from available plant material, such as spinach, green pea seeds, or papaya etc.

Study and observe the following Spotting

• Flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies, such as insects, wind, and birds.
• Identification of stages of gamete development, i.e., T.S. of testis and T.S. of the ovary, through permanent slides (from grasshopper/mice).
• T.S. of blastula through permanent slides (Mammalian).
• Pollen germination on the stigma through a permanent slide or scanning electron micrograph.
• Meiosis in onion bud cells or grasshopper testis through permanent slides.
• Mendelian inheritance using seeds of different colour / sizes of any plant.
• Prepare pedigree charts of any one of the genetic traits, such as rolling of the tongue, blood groups, ear lobes, widow's peak, and colorblindness.
• Common disease-causing organisms like Ascaris, Entamoeba, Plasmodium, and any fungus causing ringworm through permanent specimens or slides. Comment on the symptoms of diseases that they can cause.
• Controlled pollination- emasculation, tagging and bagging.
• Models specimens showing symbolic association in root nodules of leguminous plants, Cuscutta on host, lichens.
• Flash cards models showing examples of homologous and analogous organs.

Features of UP Board Biology 2024-25 Syllabus Class 12

The Biology syllabus 2024-25 is just a summary of topics that you need to cover for your Biology Class 12 Board Examination 2025. Apart from this important characteristic, we have a few important features of the syllabus as well:

• UP Board Biology Syllabus 2025 Class 12 includes all information like marking scheme, weightage, updated details, etc.
• Biology Syllabus Class 12 gives all the updated information, along with explaining the goals and objectives of UP board examinations 2025.
• The syllabus of Biology 2024-25 is highly flexible, as it is all according to what the teachers and students need.

Tips for Students’s to Prepare for Biology Class 12 Board Exam:

Focus on diagrams and their labelling + explanations: Many topics in Biology require a clear understanding of diagrams (e.g., reproductive systems, DNA structure, ecosystems).

Practice previous years' question papers: By practicing and revising PYQs you will get an advantage of understanding the exam pattern and the type of questions asked which will eventually help you to prepare well and perform better in exam.

Know the concepts: Instead of mugging up everything, focus on understanding the base principles and concepts as they are mostly asked in application based questions and they can make your learning easier.

Prepare notes for revision: Making notes by yourself is an effective way of learning things with a clear understanding and depth. Summarize each chapter with key points and diagrams for quick revision before the exams.

Advantages of the 12 Class Biology Syllabus for 2025 CBSE Exams:

Managing resources: When you know the syllabus, you can gather the right study materials, such as textbooks, reference books, and online resources. This helps you avoid wasting time on unimportant topics and focus on topics that are going to be there in exam paper for sure. 

Self-Assessment: UP Board Syllabus Class 12  allows students to self-assess their knowledge and identify areas where they need improvement. This helps them focus their study efforts effectively.

Boost Confidence: As students tackle more sections given in the UP Board Class 12 Syllabus, they gain confidence in their preparation, which is most needed for exam success.

Frequently asked questions (FAQs)

1. Is syllabus reduced for class 12 2024-25 UP Board?

• Students must be well aware that the UP Board follows the NCERT syllabus for the UP Board for the Class 12 examinations. There will be no cut in the syllabus for UPMSP 12th exams 2025.
  

2. How many chapters are in Biology class 12 UP Board?

• These 5 units are again divided into 13 chapters that are to be covered for the UP Board 12th exam for Biology.
  

3. Is class 11th syllabus changed?

• Check the UP Board Class 12 Syllabus 2024-25 here for all the subjects along with the free PDF download links of them                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

4. What unit has highest weightage in Biology Board exam?

• The highest weightage carrying unit is Unit 2 Genetics and Evolution. This unit will carry 18 marks alone in the exam.