If tall pea plants with round seeds are crossed with dwarf plants with wrinkled seeds, then in the F2 generation, the tall or dwarf trait and the rounded wrinkled trait are inherited independently.

If a complete set of whole organisms is obtained from the parent plant of the offspring plant, then the experiment given in the figure 8.8 cannot be successful, because the 2 traits R and Y will be attached to each other in the set and cannot be drawn independently. In fact, gene sets do not exist as a single DNA chain, but as separate independent atoms of DNA. Each of these chromosomes has two replicates. In which they get one from the male and the other from the female parent.

Only 1 chromosome of each pair of chromosomes from each generative cell goes to a generative cell. When the fusion of two gametes takes place, the number of chromosomes in the zygote formed from them becomes normal again.