Do the following two statements mean the same? Justify your answer. (a) People have different developmental goals.

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Chapter 1

NCERT

Class 10

Economics

Solutions

2. Do the following two statements mean the same? Justify your answer. (a) People have different developmental goals.

Question:

Do the following two statements mean the same? Justify your answer.

(a) People have different developmental goals.

(b) People have conflicting developmental goals.

Answer:

Both the above statements have similar meanings. The similarity lies with the fact that the different individuals have distinct development goals.

One can understand it better with this example: the construction of a dam is the infrastructural development for many, whereas many might not withstand it since it will affect them adversely.

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(All Q's of this Chapter solved)

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The following table shows the proportion of adults (aged 15-49 years) whose BMI is below normal (BMI <18.5 kg/m2 ) in India. It is based on a survey of various states for the year 2015-16.

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For each of the items given in Table 1.6, find out which country is at the top and which is at the bottom.

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List a few examples of environmental degradation that you may have observed around you.

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“The Earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person”.

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Why is the issue of sustainability important for development?

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Find out the present sources of energy that are used by the people in India. What could be the other possibilities fifty years from now?

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Kerala, with lower per capita income has a better human development ranking than Haryana. Hence, per capita income is not a useful criterion at all and should not be used to compare states. Do you agree? Discuss.

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Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use? Illustrate with your own examples related to development.

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In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank?

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What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any?

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Assume there are four families in a country. The average per capita income of these families is ` 5000. If the income of three families is Rs 4000, Rs 7000 and Rs 3000 respectively, what is the income of the fourth family?

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Which of the following neighbouring countries has better performance in terms of human development than India?

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Development of a country can generally be determined by (A) Its per capita income

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Study Table given below carefully and fill in the blanks in the following paragraphs. For this, you may need to make calculations based on the table.

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In Tamil Nadu, 90 percent of the people living in rural areas use a ration shop, whereas in West Bengal only 35 percent of rural people do so. Where would people be better off and why?

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Does availability of good health and educational facilities depend only on the amount of money spent by the government on these facilities? What other factors could be relevant?

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Think of other examples where collective provision of goods and services is cheaper than individual provision.

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Look at data in Tables 1.3 and 1.4. Is Haryana ahead of Kerala in literacy rate etc., as it is in terms of per capita income?

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Write a paragraph on your notion of what should India do, or achieve, to become a developed country.

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From the text, find out the per capita income level of low-income countries as per World Development Reports.

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Suppose records show that the average income in a country has been increasing over a period of time. From this, can we conclude that all sections of the economy have become better? Illustrate your answer with an example.

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Besides size of per capita income, what other property of income is important in comparing two or more societies?

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Why do you think average income is an important criterion for development? Explain.

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Give three examples where an average is used for comparing situations.

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If even the idea of what constitutes development can be varied and conflicting, then certainly there can be differences about ways of developing.

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What can be some of the developmental goals for your village, town or locality?

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Read this newspaper report and answer the questions that follow: A vessel dumped 500 tonnes of liquid toxic wastes into open-air dumps in a city and in the surrounding sea.

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Discuss the following situations : Look at the picture on the right. What should be the developmental goals for such an area?

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Explain some of the important ideas of the above section in your own words.

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Give some examples where factors other than income are important aspects of our lives.

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Why do different persons have different notions of development? Which of the following explanations is more important and why?